Summary
Summary
Heliodinidae are a group of lower ditrysian moths defined by five synapomorphies: smooth head scaling; forewing M veins two-branched; ventral branches of apophyses posteriores fused into a medial band; tegumen enormously expanded posteriorly; and pupa with dorsal and lateral bristles. Heliodinids are found on all major continents, inhabiting a wide variety of environments. All heliodinids having primarily orange or red forewings previously were grouped in the genus Heliodines. A cladistic analysis using representatives of six families in Yponomeutoidea as the outgroups and parsimony and character compatibility as the optimality criteria indicates that the moths formerly assigned to Heliodines form a polyphyletic assemblage. Two old generic names are resurrected from synonymy, and three new genera are proposed to ensure monophyly of taxa. The genus Aetole is the best-supported clade, recognized by at least four synapomorphies. Forty-five North and Central American species that were formerly assigned to Heliodines or Embola or are congeneric and described were considered new.
Keywords: Heliodinidae, ditrysian moths, synapomorphies, heliodinids, Heliodines, Yponomeutoidea, monophyly, Embola
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