This chapter is concerned with the threat of bioweapons. First, it looks at the final touches the research team made on the maps of the victims' daytime locations and the locations of the six villages where the animals died. Next, the chapter addresses the problem of estimating what quantity of aerosolized anthrax spores could have caused the Sverdlovsk outbreak. This involves two types of calculations, the first of which is the calculation of how many spores a person would inhale (this depends on a number of factors), while the second is the determination of the dose–response relation for the population that is at risk. The chapter studies the implications of these calculations, and then discusses the ability of various governments to cope with the infectious disease outbreaks that can be caused by these weapons.