- Title Pages
- Dedication
- Acknowledgments
- Advisory Board
- Contributors
- Preface
- One Diverse Phenomena Influencing Amphibian Population Declines
- Two Why Are Some Species in Decline but Others Not?
- Three Philosophy, Value Judgments, and Declining Amphibians
- Four Embracing Human Diversity in Conservation
- Five Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force
- Six Meeting the Challenge of Amphibian Declines with an Interdisciplinary Research Program
- Seven Biology of Amphibian Declines
- Eight Declines of Eastern North American Woodland Salamanders (<i>Plethodon</i>)
- Nine Decline of Northern Cricket Frogs (<i>Acris crepitans</i>)
- Ten Overwintering in Northern Cricket Frogs (<i>Acris crepitans</i>)
- Eleven Repercussions of Global Change
- Twelve Lessons from Europe
- Thirteen Risk Factors and Declines in Northern Cricket Frogs (<i>Acris crepitans</i>)
- Fourteen Ultraviolet Radiation
- Fifteen Xenobiotics
- Sixteen Variation in Pesticide Tolerance
- Seventeen Lucké Renal Adenocarcinoma
- Eighteen Malformed Frogs in Minnesota: History and Interspecific Differences
- Nineteen Parasites of North American Frogs
- Twenty Parasite Infection and Limb Malformations: A Growing Problem in Amphibian Conservation
- Twenty-One Pine Silviculture
- Twenty-Two Commercial Trade
- Twenty-Three Houston Toads and Texas Politics
- Twenty-Four Amphibian Conservation Needs
- Twenty-Five Amphibian Population Cycles and Long-Term Data Sets
- Twenty-Six Landscape Ecology
- Twenty-Seven Conservation of Texas Spring and Cave Salamanders (<i>Eurycea</i>)
- Twenty-Eight Lessons from the Tropics
- Twenty-Nine Taxonomy and Amphibian Declines
- Thirty Conservation Systematics: The <i>Bufo boreas</i> Species Group
- Thirty-One Factors Limiting the Recovery of Boreal Toads (<i>Bufo b. boreas</i>)
- Thirty-Two Southwestern Desert Bufonids
- Thirty-Three Amphibian Ecotoxicology
- Thirty-Four Museum Collections
- Thirty-Five Critical Areas
- Thirty-Six Creating Habitat Reserves for Migratory Salamanders
- Thirty-Seven Population Manipulations
- Thirty-Eight Exotic Species
- Thirty-Nine Protecting Amphibians While Restoring Fish Populations
- Forty Reflections Upon Amphibian Conservation
- Forty-One Distribution of South Dakota Anurans
- Forty-Two Nebraska’s Declining Amphibians
- Forty-Three Museum Collections Can Assess Population Trends
- Forty-Four Monitoring Salamander Populations in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
- Forty-Five North American Amphibian Monitoring Program (NAAMP)
- Forty-Six Evaluating Calling Surveys
- Forty-Seven Geographical Information Systems and Survey Designs
- Forty-Eight Impacts of Forest Management on Amphibians
- Forty-Nine Monitoring Pigment Pattern Morphs of Northern Leopard Frogs
- Fifty The National Amphibian Conservation Center
- Fifty-One <i>A Thousand Friends of Frogs:</i> Its Origins
- Fifty-Two Of Men and Deformed Frogs: A Journalist’s Lament
- Introduction
- Anura
- Caudata
- EPILOGUE: Factors Implicated in Amphibian Population Declines in the United States
- Conclusion
- Literature Cited
- Index
Variation in Pesticide Tolerance
Variation in Pesticide Tolerance
- Chapter:
- (p.93) Sixteen Variation in Pesticide Tolerance
- Source:
- Amphibian Declines
- Author(s):
Christine M. Bridges
Raymond D. Semlitsch
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
A growing body of evidence suggests that a number of amphibian populations have declined in recent years. The cause of these population declines has been difficult to establish because in some instances only a single species is declining while sympatric species are thriving. This chapter discusses the results of research that has been conducted to determine the degree of variation present in amphibians with respect to their response to insecticide exposure. The study assessed the degree of variation in response to an anthropogenic stressor among and within species of frogs in the family Ranidae, focusing on the variation in tolerance of tadpoles to the insecticide carbaryl. Carbaryl acts by inhibiting nervous system acetylcholinesterase, which is a common mode of action among insecticides; thus, carbaryl can serve as a model chemical with which to examine amphibian responses. The study also analyzed variation in a hierarchical fashion to identify where variation was the greatest: among nine ranid species, among populations within a single species, and within populations of southern leopard frogs.
Keywords: Ranidae, amphibians, population declines, tadpoles, carbaryl, frogs, variation, insecticides
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- Title Pages
- Dedication
- Acknowledgments
- Advisory Board
- Contributors
- Preface
- One Diverse Phenomena Influencing Amphibian Population Declines
- Two Why Are Some Species in Decline but Others Not?
- Three Philosophy, Value Judgments, and Declining Amphibians
- Four Embracing Human Diversity in Conservation
- Five Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force
- Six Meeting the Challenge of Amphibian Declines with an Interdisciplinary Research Program
- Seven Biology of Amphibian Declines
- Eight Declines of Eastern North American Woodland Salamanders (<i>Plethodon</i>)
- Nine Decline of Northern Cricket Frogs (<i>Acris crepitans</i>)
- Ten Overwintering in Northern Cricket Frogs (<i>Acris crepitans</i>)
- Eleven Repercussions of Global Change
- Twelve Lessons from Europe
- Thirteen Risk Factors and Declines in Northern Cricket Frogs (<i>Acris crepitans</i>)
- Fourteen Ultraviolet Radiation
- Fifteen Xenobiotics
- Sixteen Variation in Pesticide Tolerance
- Seventeen Lucké Renal Adenocarcinoma
- Eighteen Malformed Frogs in Minnesota: History and Interspecific Differences
- Nineteen Parasites of North American Frogs
- Twenty Parasite Infection and Limb Malformations: A Growing Problem in Amphibian Conservation
- Twenty-One Pine Silviculture
- Twenty-Two Commercial Trade
- Twenty-Three Houston Toads and Texas Politics
- Twenty-Four Amphibian Conservation Needs
- Twenty-Five Amphibian Population Cycles and Long-Term Data Sets
- Twenty-Six Landscape Ecology
- Twenty-Seven Conservation of Texas Spring and Cave Salamanders (<i>Eurycea</i>)
- Twenty-Eight Lessons from the Tropics
- Twenty-Nine Taxonomy and Amphibian Declines
- Thirty Conservation Systematics: The <i>Bufo boreas</i> Species Group
- Thirty-One Factors Limiting the Recovery of Boreal Toads (<i>Bufo b. boreas</i>)
- Thirty-Two Southwestern Desert Bufonids
- Thirty-Three Amphibian Ecotoxicology
- Thirty-Four Museum Collections
- Thirty-Five Critical Areas
- Thirty-Six Creating Habitat Reserves for Migratory Salamanders
- Thirty-Seven Population Manipulations
- Thirty-Eight Exotic Species
- Thirty-Nine Protecting Amphibians While Restoring Fish Populations
- Forty Reflections Upon Amphibian Conservation
- Forty-One Distribution of South Dakota Anurans
- Forty-Two Nebraska’s Declining Amphibians
- Forty-Three Museum Collections Can Assess Population Trends
- Forty-Four Monitoring Salamander Populations in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
- Forty-Five North American Amphibian Monitoring Program (NAAMP)
- Forty-Six Evaluating Calling Surveys
- Forty-Seven Geographical Information Systems and Survey Designs
- Forty-Eight Impacts of Forest Management on Amphibians
- Forty-Nine Monitoring Pigment Pattern Morphs of Northern Leopard Frogs
- Fifty The National Amphibian Conservation Center
- Fifty-One <i>A Thousand Friends of Frogs:</i> Its Origins
- Fifty-Two Of Men and Deformed Frogs: A Journalist’s Lament
- Introduction
- Anura
- Caudata
- EPILOGUE: Factors Implicated in Amphibian Population Declines in the United States
- Conclusion
- Literature Cited
- Index
