- Title Pages
- Dedication
- Acknowledgments
- Advisory Board
- Contributors
- Preface
- One Diverse Phenomena Influencing Amphibian Population Declines
- Two Why Are Some Species in Decline but Others Not?
- Three Philosophy, Value Judgments, and Declining Amphibians
- Four Embracing Human Diversity in Conservation
- Five Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force
- Six Meeting the Challenge of Amphibian Declines with an Interdisciplinary Research Program
- Seven Biology of Amphibian Declines
- Eight Declines of Eastern North American Woodland Salamanders (<i>Plethodon</i>)
- Nine Decline of Northern Cricket Frogs (<i>Acris crepitans</i>)
- Ten Overwintering in Northern Cricket Frogs (<i>Acris crepitans</i>)
- Eleven Repercussions of Global Change
- Twelve Lessons from Europe
- Thirteen Risk Factors and Declines in Northern Cricket Frogs (<i>Acris crepitans</i>)
- Fourteen Ultraviolet Radiation
- Fifteen Xenobiotics
- Sixteen Variation in Pesticide Tolerance
- Seventeen Lucké Renal Adenocarcinoma
- Eighteen Malformed Frogs in Minnesota: History and Interspecific Differences
- Nineteen Parasites of North American Frogs
- Twenty Parasite Infection and Limb Malformations: A Growing Problem in Amphibian Conservation
- Twenty-One Pine Silviculture
- Twenty-Two Commercial Trade
- Twenty-Three Houston Toads and Texas Politics
- Twenty-Four Amphibian Conservation Needs
- Twenty-Five Amphibian Population Cycles and Long-Term Data Sets
- Twenty-Six Landscape Ecology
- Twenty-Seven Conservation of Texas Spring and Cave Salamanders (<i>Eurycea</i>)
- Twenty-Eight Lessons from the Tropics
- Twenty-Nine Taxonomy and Amphibian Declines
- Thirty Conservation Systematics: The <i>Bufo boreas</i> Species Group
- Thirty-One Factors Limiting the Recovery of Boreal Toads (<i>Bufo b. boreas</i>)
- Thirty-Two Southwestern Desert Bufonids
- Thirty-Three Amphibian Ecotoxicology
- Thirty-Four Museum Collections
- Thirty-Five Critical Areas
- Thirty-Six Creating Habitat Reserves for Migratory Salamanders
- Thirty-Seven Population Manipulations
- Thirty-Eight Exotic Species
- Thirty-Nine Protecting Amphibians While Restoring Fish Populations
- Forty Reflections Upon Amphibian Conservation
- Forty-One Distribution of South Dakota Anurans
- Forty-Two Nebraska’s Declining Amphibians
- Forty-Three Museum Collections Can Assess Population Trends
- Forty-Four Monitoring Salamander Populations in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
- Forty-Five North American Amphibian Monitoring Program (NAAMP)
- Forty-Six Evaluating Calling Surveys
- Forty-Seven Geographical Information Systems and Survey Designs
- Forty-Eight Impacts of Forest Management on Amphibians
- Forty-Nine Monitoring Pigment Pattern Morphs of Northern Leopard Frogs
- Fifty The National Amphibian Conservation Center
- Fifty-One <i>A Thousand Friends of Frogs:</i> Its Origins
- Fifty-Two Of Men and Deformed Frogs: A Journalist’s Lament
- Introduction
- Anura
- Caudata
- EPILOGUE: Factors Implicated in Amphibian Population Declines in the United States
- Conclusion
- Literature Cited
- Index
Parasite Infection and Limb Malformations: A Growing Problem in Amphibian Conservation
Parasite Infection and Limb Malformations: A Growing Problem in Amphibian Conservation
- Chapter:
- (p.124) Twenty Parasite Infection and Limb Malformations: A Growing Problem in Amphibian Conservation
- Source:
- Amphibian Declines
- Author(s):
Pieter T.J. Johnson
Kevin B. Lunde
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
Over the last two decades, scientists have become increasingly concerned about ongoing trends of amphibian population decline and extinction. Parasitic pathogens, including certain bacteria, fungi, viruses, and helminths, have frequently been implicated as causes of gross pathology and mass die-offs, often in synergism with environmental stressors. More recently, malformed amphibians have been reported with increasing frequency in several parts of North America. Since 1992, severe limb abnormalities, including extra, missing, and malformed limbs, have appeared in dozens of species from diverse habitats, including several species in marked decline. While it is unlikely that these abnormalities have been a major source of historical amphibian population declines, they may represent an emerging threat, particularly if they are increasing in frequency. In the western United States, many of the reported sites have been linked directly to intense parasite infections. A little-studied trematode, Ribeiroia ondatrae, was identified as the culprit. This chapter examines Ribeiroia infection and amphibian limb malformations. It discusses human impacts on trematodes and their relevance to Ribeiroia epidemiology.
Keywords: United States, amphibians, population declines, Ribeiroia ondatrae, malformations, trematodes, parasite infections, epidemiology, parasitic pathogens, limb abnormalities
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- Title Pages
- Dedication
- Acknowledgments
- Advisory Board
- Contributors
- Preface
- One Diverse Phenomena Influencing Amphibian Population Declines
- Two Why Are Some Species in Decline but Others Not?
- Three Philosophy, Value Judgments, and Declining Amphibians
- Four Embracing Human Diversity in Conservation
- Five Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force
- Six Meeting the Challenge of Amphibian Declines with an Interdisciplinary Research Program
- Seven Biology of Amphibian Declines
- Eight Declines of Eastern North American Woodland Salamanders (<i>Plethodon</i>)
- Nine Decline of Northern Cricket Frogs (<i>Acris crepitans</i>)
- Ten Overwintering in Northern Cricket Frogs (<i>Acris crepitans</i>)
- Eleven Repercussions of Global Change
- Twelve Lessons from Europe
- Thirteen Risk Factors and Declines in Northern Cricket Frogs (<i>Acris crepitans</i>)
- Fourteen Ultraviolet Radiation
- Fifteen Xenobiotics
- Sixteen Variation in Pesticide Tolerance
- Seventeen Lucké Renal Adenocarcinoma
- Eighteen Malformed Frogs in Minnesota: History and Interspecific Differences
- Nineteen Parasites of North American Frogs
- Twenty Parasite Infection and Limb Malformations: A Growing Problem in Amphibian Conservation
- Twenty-One Pine Silviculture
- Twenty-Two Commercial Trade
- Twenty-Three Houston Toads and Texas Politics
- Twenty-Four Amphibian Conservation Needs
- Twenty-Five Amphibian Population Cycles and Long-Term Data Sets
- Twenty-Six Landscape Ecology
- Twenty-Seven Conservation of Texas Spring and Cave Salamanders (<i>Eurycea</i>)
- Twenty-Eight Lessons from the Tropics
- Twenty-Nine Taxonomy and Amphibian Declines
- Thirty Conservation Systematics: The <i>Bufo boreas</i> Species Group
- Thirty-One Factors Limiting the Recovery of Boreal Toads (<i>Bufo b. boreas</i>)
- Thirty-Two Southwestern Desert Bufonids
- Thirty-Three Amphibian Ecotoxicology
- Thirty-Four Museum Collections
- Thirty-Five Critical Areas
- Thirty-Six Creating Habitat Reserves for Migratory Salamanders
- Thirty-Seven Population Manipulations
- Thirty-Eight Exotic Species
- Thirty-Nine Protecting Amphibians While Restoring Fish Populations
- Forty Reflections Upon Amphibian Conservation
- Forty-One Distribution of South Dakota Anurans
- Forty-Two Nebraska’s Declining Amphibians
- Forty-Three Museum Collections Can Assess Population Trends
- Forty-Four Monitoring Salamander Populations in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
- Forty-Five North American Amphibian Monitoring Program (NAAMP)
- Forty-Six Evaluating Calling Surveys
- Forty-Seven Geographical Information Systems and Survey Designs
- Forty-Eight Impacts of Forest Management on Amphibians
- Forty-Nine Monitoring Pigment Pattern Morphs of Northern Leopard Frogs
- Fifty The National Amphibian Conservation Center
- Fifty-One <i>A Thousand Friends of Frogs:</i> Its Origins
- Fifty-Two Of Men and Deformed Frogs: A Journalist’s Lament
- Introduction
- Anura
- Caudata
- EPILOGUE: Factors Implicated in Amphibian Population Declines in the United States
- Conclusion
- Literature Cited
- Index
