- Title Pages
- Dedication
- Acknowledgments
- Advisory Board
- Contributors
- Preface
- One Diverse Phenomena Influencing Amphibian Population Declines
- Two Why Are Some Species in Decline but Others Not?
- Three Philosophy, Value Judgments, and Declining Amphibians
- Four Embracing Human Diversity in Conservation
- Five Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force
- Six Meeting the Challenge of Amphibian Declines with an Interdisciplinary Research Program
- Seven Biology of Amphibian Declines
- Eight Declines of Eastern North American Woodland Salamanders (<i>Plethodon</i>)
- Nine Decline of Northern Cricket Frogs (<i>Acris crepitans</i>)
- Ten Overwintering in Northern Cricket Frogs (<i>Acris crepitans</i>)
- Eleven Repercussions of Global Change
- Twelve Lessons from Europe
- Thirteen Risk Factors and Declines in Northern Cricket Frogs (<i>Acris crepitans</i>)
- Fourteen Ultraviolet Radiation
- Fifteen Xenobiotics
- Sixteen Variation in Pesticide Tolerance
- Seventeen Lucké Renal Adenocarcinoma
- Eighteen Malformed Frogs in Minnesota: History and Interspecific Differences
- Nineteen Parasites of North American Frogs
- Twenty Parasite Infection and Limb Malformations: A Growing Problem in Amphibian Conservation
- Twenty-One Pine Silviculture
- Twenty-Two Commercial Trade
- Twenty-Three Houston Toads and Texas Politics
- Twenty-Four Amphibian Conservation Needs
- Twenty-Five Amphibian Population Cycles and Long-Term Data Sets
- Twenty-Six Landscape Ecology
- Twenty-Seven Conservation of Texas Spring and Cave Salamanders (<i>Eurycea</i>)
- Twenty-Eight Lessons from the Tropics
- Twenty-Nine Taxonomy and Amphibian Declines
- Thirty Conservation Systematics: The <i>Bufo boreas</i> Species Group
- Thirty-One Factors Limiting the Recovery of Boreal Toads (<i>Bufo b. boreas</i>)
- Thirty-Two Southwestern Desert Bufonids
- Thirty-Three Amphibian Ecotoxicology
- Thirty-Four Museum Collections
- Thirty-Five Critical Areas
- Thirty-Six Creating Habitat Reserves for Migratory Salamanders
- Thirty-Seven Population Manipulations
- Thirty-Eight Exotic Species
- Thirty-Nine Protecting Amphibians While Restoring Fish Populations
- Forty Reflections Upon Amphibian Conservation
- Forty-One Distribution of South Dakota Anurans
- Forty-Two Nebraska’s Declining Amphibians
- Forty-Three Museum Collections Can Assess Population Trends
- Forty-Four Monitoring Salamander Populations in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
- Forty-Five North American Amphibian Monitoring Program (NAAMP)
- Forty-Six Evaluating Calling Surveys
- Forty-Seven Geographical Information Systems and Survey Designs
- Forty-Eight Impacts of Forest Management on Amphibians
- Forty-Nine Monitoring Pigment Pattern Morphs of Northern Leopard Frogs
- Fifty The National Amphibian Conservation Center
- Fifty-One <i>A Thousand Friends of Frogs:</i> Its Origins
- Fifty-Two Of Men and Deformed Frogs: A Journalist’s Lament
- Introduction
- Anura
- Caudata
- EPILOGUE: Factors Implicated in Amphibian Population Declines in the United States
- Conclusion
- Literature Cited
- Index
Southwestern Desert Bufonids
Southwestern Desert Bufonids
- Chapter:
- (p.237) Thirty-Two Southwestern Desert Bufonids
- Source:
- Amphibian Declines
- Author(s):
Brian K. Sullivan
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
The anuran family Bufonidae is a large, cosmopolitan group comprising of almost 400 species that inhabit a great variety of environments. Three bufonids with relatively limited distribution in the United States are federally listed as “endangered”: Wyoming toads (Bufo baxteri), arroyo toads (B. californicus), and Houston toads (B. houstonensis). Golden toads (B. periglenes) from Central America are perhaps the best known example of an anuran that has recently declined. Twenty-one bufonid species are recognized in the United States, and eleven of these occur in the arid Southwest. Although most of the desert dwelling forms have not been surveyed in any detail, a number have been superficially inventoried. This chapter reviews what is known about the status of bufonids of the arid southwestern United States and draws attention to emerging general patterns regarding their status. It looks at the spring breeding of Arizona toads in perennial streams, as well as the summer breeding of Sonoran green toads in rain-formed pools.
Keywords: Bufonidae, bufonids, United States, spring breeding, summer breeding, Arizona toads, perennial streams, Sonoran green toads, rain-formed pools
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- Title Pages
- Dedication
- Acknowledgments
- Advisory Board
- Contributors
- Preface
- One Diverse Phenomena Influencing Amphibian Population Declines
- Two Why Are Some Species in Decline but Others Not?
- Three Philosophy, Value Judgments, and Declining Amphibians
- Four Embracing Human Diversity in Conservation
- Five Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force
- Six Meeting the Challenge of Amphibian Declines with an Interdisciplinary Research Program
- Seven Biology of Amphibian Declines
- Eight Declines of Eastern North American Woodland Salamanders (<i>Plethodon</i>)
- Nine Decline of Northern Cricket Frogs (<i>Acris crepitans</i>)
- Ten Overwintering in Northern Cricket Frogs (<i>Acris crepitans</i>)
- Eleven Repercussions of Global Change
- Twelve Lessons from Europe
- Thirteen Risk Factors and Declines in Northern Cricket Frogs (<i>Acris crepitans</i>)
- Fourteen Ultraviolet Radiation
- Fifteen Xenobiotics
- Sixteen Variation in Pesticide Tolerance
- Seventeen Lucké Renal Adenocarcinoma
- Eighteen Malformed Frogs in Minnesota: History and Interspecific Differences
- Nineteen Parasites of North American Frogs
- Twenty Parasite Infection and Limb Malformations: A Growing Problem in Amphibian Conservation
- Twenty-One Pine Silviculture
- Twenty-Two Commercial Trade
- Twenty-Three Houston Toads and Texas Politics
- Twenty-Four Amphibian Conservation Needs
- Twenty-Five Amphibian Population Cycles and Long-Term Data Sets
- Twenty-Six Landscape Ecology
- Twenty-Seven Conservation of Texas Spring and Cave Salamanders (<i>Eurycea</i>)
- Twenty-Eight Lessons from the Tropics
- Twenty-Nine Taxonomy and Amphibian Declines
- Thirty Conservation Systematics: The <i>Bufo boreas</i> Species Group
- Thirty-One Factors Limiting the Recovery of Boreal Toads (<i>Bufo b. boreas</i>)
- Thirty-Two Southwestern Desert Bufonids
- Thirty-Three Amphibian Ecotoxicology
- Thirty-Four Museum Collections
- Thirty-Five Critical Areas
- Thirty-Six Creating Habitat Reserves for Migratory Salamanders
- Thirty-Seven Population Manipulations
- Thirty-Eight Exotic Species
- Thirty-Nine Protecting Amphibians While Restoring Fish Populations
- Forty Reflections Upon Amphibian Conservation
- Forty-One Distribution of South Dakota Anurans
- Forty-Two Nebraska’s Declining Amphibians
- Forty-Three Museum Collections Can Assess Population Trends
- Forty-Four Monitoring Salamander Populations in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
- Forty-Five North American Amphibian Monitoring Program (NAAMP)
- Forty-Six Evaluating Calling Surveys
- Forty-Seven Geographical Information Systems and Survey Designs
- Forty-Eight Impacts of Forest Management on Amphibians
- Forty-Nine Monitoring Pigment Pattern Morphs of Northern Leopard Frogs
- Fifty The National Amphibian Conservation Center
- Fifty-One <i>A Thousand Friends of Frogs:</i> Its Origins
- Fifty-Two Of Men and Deformed Frogs: A Journalist’s Lament
- Introduction
- Anura
- Caudata
- EPILOGUE: Factors Implicated in Amphibian Population Declines in the United States
- Conclusion
- Literature Cited
- Index
