Part One Conservation Essays

Introduction

One Diverse Phenomena Influencing Amphibian Population Declines

Tim Halliday

Two Why Are Some Species in Decline but Others Not?

Martha L. Crump

Three Philosophy, Value Judgments, and Declining Amphibians

Sarah Aucoin, Robert G. Jaeger, and Steve Giambrone

Four Embracing Human Diversity in Conservation

Whit Gibbons

Five Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force

W. Ronald Heyer, and James B. Murphy

Declines

Six Meeting the Challenge of Amphibian Declines with an Interdisciplinary Research Program

James P. Collins, Nicholas Cohen, Elizabeth W. Davidson, Joyce E. Davidson, and Andrew Storfer

Seven Biology of Amphibian Declines

David M. Green

Eight Declines of Eastern North American Woodland Salamanders (Plethodon)

Richard Highton

Nine Decline of Northern Cricket Frogs (Acris crepitans)

Robert H. Gray, and Lauren E. Brown

Ten Overwintering in Northern Cricket Frogs (Acris crepitans)

Jason T. Irwin

Causes

Eleven Repercussions of Global Change

Jamie K. Reaser, and Blaustein Andrew

Twelve Lessons from Europe

K. Henle

Thirteen Risk Factors and Declines in Northern Cricket Frogs (Acris crepitans)

Val R. Beasley, Sandra A. Faeh, Brigit Wikoff, Craig Staehle, Tim Halliday, Joyce Eisold, Donald Nichols, Rebecca Cole, Anna M. Schotthoefer, Martin Greenwell, and Lauren E. Brown

Fourteen Ultraviolet Radiation

Andrew R. Blaustein, and Lisa K. Belden

Fifteen Xenobiotics

Christine M. Bridges, and Raymond D. Semlitsch

Sixteen Variation in Pesticide Tolerance

Christine M. Bridges, and Raymond D. Semlitsch

Seventeen Lucké Renal Adenocarcinoma

Robert G. Mckinnell, and Debra L. Carlson

Eighteen Malformed Frogs in Minnesota: History and Interspecific Differences

David M. Hoppe

Nineteen Parasites of North American Frogs

Sutherland Daniel

Twenty Parasite Infection and Limb Malformations: A Growing Problem in Amphibian Conservation

Pieter T.J. Johnson, and Kevin B. Lunde

Twenty-One Pine Silviculture

D. Bruce Means

Twenty-Two Commercial Trade

Anthony B. Wilson

Conservation

Twenty-Three Houston Toads and Texas Politics

Lauren E. Brown, and Ann Mesrobian

Twenty-Four Amphibian Conservation Needs

Edward D Koch, and Charles R. Peterson

Twenty-Five Amphibian Population Cycles and Long-Term Data Sets

Howard H Whiteman, and Scott A Wissinger

Twenty-Six Landscape Ecology

David E. Naugle, Kenneth F. Higgins, Rex R. Johnson, Tate D Fischer, and Frank R. Quamen

Twenty-Seven Conservation of Texas Spring and Cave Salamanders (Eurycea)

Paul T. Chippindale, and Andrew H. Price

Twenty-Eight Lessons from the Tropics

Karen R. Lips, and Maureen A. Donnelly

Twenty-Nine Taxonomy and Amphibian Declines

Sherman A. Minton

Thirty Conservation Systematics: The Bufo boreas Species Group

Anna M. Goebel

Thirty-One Factors Limiting the Recovery of Boreal Toads (Bufo b. boreas)

Cynthia Carey, Paul Stephen Corn, Mark S. Jones, Lauren J. Livo, Erin Muths, and Charles W. Carey

Thirty-Two Southwestern Desert Bufonids

Brian K. Sullivan

Thirty-Three Amphibian Ecotoxicology

Raymond D. Semlitsch, and Christine M. Bridges

Thirty-Four Museum Collections

John W. Ferner, Jeffrey G. Davis, and Paul J. Krusling

Thirty-Five Critical Areas

Hugh R. Quinn, and Colleen Scott

Thirty-Six Creating Habitat Reserves for Migratory Salamanders

Suzanne C. Fowle, and Scott M. Melvin

Thirty-Seven Population Manipulations

C. Kenneth Dodd

Thirty-Eight Exotic Species

Walter E. Meshaka

Thirty-Nine Protecting Amphibians While Restoring Fish Populations

Debra Patla

Forty Reflections Upon Amphibian Conservation

Thomas K. Pauley

Surveys and Monitoring

Forty-One Distribution of South Dakota Anurans

David E. Naugle, Tate D. Fischer, Kenneth F. Higgins, and Douglas C. Backlund

Forty-Two Nebraska’s Declining Amphibians

David S. Mcleod

Forty-Three Museum Collections Can Assess Population Trends

Jeff Boundy

Forty-Four Monitoring Salamander Populations in Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Erin J. Hyde, and Theodore R. Simons

Forty-Five North American Amphibian Monitoring Program (NAAMP)

Linda A. Weir, and Michael J. Mossman

Forty-Six Evaluating Calling Surveys

Sam Droege, and Paige Eagle

Forty-Seven Geographical Information Systems and Survey Designs

Charles R. Peterson, Stephen R. Burton, and Debra A. Patla

Forty-Eight Impacts of Forest Management on Amphibians

Rochelle B. Renken

Forty-Nine Monitoring Pigment Pattern Morphs of Northern Leopard Frogs

Robert G. Mckinnell, David M. Hoppe, and Beverly K. Mckinnell

Education

Fifty The National Amphibian Conservation Center

Andrew T. Snider, and Elizabeth Arbaugh

Fifty-One A Thousand Friends of Frogs: Its Origins

Tony P. Murphy

A Perspective

Fifty-Two Of Men and Deformed Frogs: A Journalist’s Lament

William Souder

Part Two Species Accounts

Introduction

Michael Lannoo, Alisa L. Gallant, Priya Nanjappa, Laura Blackburn, and Russell Hendricks

Anura

Michael Lannoo, Alisa L. Gallant, Priya Nanjappa, Laura Blackburn, and Russell Hendricks

Caudata

Michael Lannoo, Alisa L. Gallant, Priya Nanjappa, Laura Blackburn, and Russell Hendricks

EPILOGUE: Factors Implicated in Amphibian Population Declines in the United States

Michael Lannoo, Alisa L. Gallant, Priya Nanjappa, Laura Blackburn, and Russell Hendricks

Conclusion

Michael Lannoo, Alisa L. Gallant, Priya Nanjappa, Laura Blackburn, and Russell Hendricks