The concept of manhood was immensely important in ancient Athens, shaping its political, social, legal, and ethical systems. This book is a study of manhood in fourth-century Athens and provides an examination of notions about masculinity found in the Attic orators, who represent one of the most important sources for understanding the social history of this period. While previous studies have assumed a uniform ideology about manhood, this book finds that Athenians had quite varied opinions about what constituted manly values and conduct. The text situates the evidence for ideas about manhood f ... More

The concept of manhood was immensely important in ancient Athens, shaping its political, social, legal, and ethical systems. This book is a study of manhood in fourth-century Athens and provides an examination of notions about masculinity found in the Attic orators, who represent one of the most important sources for understanding the social history of this period. While previous studies have assumed a uniform ideology about manhood, this book finds that Athenians had quite varied opinions about what constituted manly values and conduct. The text situates the evidence for ideas about manhood found in the Attic orators in its historical, ideological, and theoretical contexts to explore various manifestations of Athenian masculinity as well as the rhetoric that both articulated and questioned it. The book focuses on topics such as the nexus between manhood and age; on Athenian men in their roles as family members, friends, and lovers; on the concept of masculine shame; on relations between social and economic status and manhood; on manhood in the military and politics; on the manly virtue of self-control; and on what men feared.