- Title Pages
- [UNTITLED]
- List of Contributors
- List of Tables
- List of Figures
- Preface
-
One Introduction -
Two Whales, Interaction Webs, and Zero-Sum Ecology -
Three Lessons from Land Present and Past Signs of Ecological Decay and the Overture to Earth’s Sixth Mass Extinctio -
Four When Ecological Pyramids Were Upside Down -
Five Pelagic Ecosystem Response to a Century of Commercial Fishing and Whaling -
Six Evidence for Bottom-Up Control of Upper-Trophic-Level Marine Populations -
Seven Evolutionary Patterns in Cetacea Fishing Up Prey Size through Deep Time -
Eight A Taxonomy of World Whaling -
Nine The History of Whales Read from DNA -
Ten Changes in Marine Mammal Biomass in the Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands Region before and after the Period of Commercial Whaling -
Eleven Industrial Whaling in the North Pacific Ocean 1952–1978 -
Twelve Worldwide Distribution and Abundance of Killer Whales -
Thirteen The Natural History and Ecology of Killer Whales -
Fourteen Killer Whales as Predators of Large Baleen Whales and Sperm Whales -
Fifteen Physiological and Ecological Consequences of Extreme Body Size in Whales -
Sixteen Ecosystem Impact of the Decline of Large Whales in the North Pacific -
Seventeen The Removal of Large Whales from the Southern Ocean -
Eighteen Great Whales as Prey Using Demography and Bioenergetics to Infer Interactions in Marine Mammal Communities -
Nineteen Whales and Whaling in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea Oceanographic Insights and Ecosystem Impacts -
Twenty Legacy of Industrial Whaling -
Twenty-One Predator Diet Breadth and Prey Population Dynamics -
Twenty-Two Bigger is Better -
TWENTY-THREE Gray Whales in the Bering and Chukchi Seas -
Twenty-Four Whales, Whaling, and Ecosystems in the North Atlantic Ocean -
Twenty-Five Sperm Whales in Ocean Ecosystems -
Twe Nty-Six Ecosystem Effects of Fishing and Whaling in the North Pacific and Atlantic Oceans -
Twenty-Seven Potential Influences of Whaling on the Status and Trends of Pinniped Populations -
Twenty-Eight The Dynamic Between Social Systems and Ocean Ecosystems -
Twenty-Nine Whaling, Law, and Culture -
Thirty Whales Are Big and It Matters -
Thirty-One Retrospection and Review - Index
Ecosystem Effects of Fishing and Whaling in the North Pacific and Atlantic Oceans
Ecosystem Effects of Fishing and Whaling in the North Pacific and Atlantic Oceans
- Chapter:
- (p.335) Twe Nty-Six Ecosystem Effects of Fishing and Whaling in the North Pacific and Atlantic Oceans
- Source:
- Whales, Whaling, and Ocean Ecosystems
- Author(s):
BORIS WORM
HEIKE K LOTZE
RANSOM A. MYERS
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
This chapter uses time-series analysis to explore whether prey release and competitive release have occurred during or shortly after the period of industrial whaling (from 1950 to 1980) in the Northwest Atlantic and Northeast Pacific Oceans, respectively. It focuses on these two regions because they are well known, food webs are relatively simple, and there are data available on whale abundance, diets, and the abundance of prey and competitor populations. It predicts that that there may be negative correlations between whale and forage fish abundance (prey release), between groundfish and forage fish abundance (prey release), and possibly between whale and groundfish abundance (competitive release) during or shortly after the period of industrial whaling in the Northwest Atlantic and Northeast Pacific.
Keywords: time-series analysis, prey release, competitive release, industrial whaling, forage fish abundance, groundfish abundance
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- Title Pages
- [UNTITLED]
- List of Contributors
- List of Tables
- List of Figures
- Preface
-
One Introduction -
Two Whales, Interaction Webs, and Zero-Sum Ecology -
Three Lessons from Land Present and Past Signs of Ecological Decay and the Overture to Earth’s Sixth Mass Extinctio -
Four When Ecological Pyramids Were Upside Down -
Five Pelagic Ecosystem Response to a Century of Commercial Fishing and Whaling -
Six Evidence for Bottom-Up Control of Upper-Trophic-Level Marine Populations -
Seven Evolutionary Patterns in Cetacea Fishing Up Prey Size through Deep Time -
Eight A Taxonomy of World Whaling -
Nine The History of Whales Read from DNA -
Ten Changes in Marine Mammal Biomass in the Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands Region before and after the Period of Commercial Whaling -
Eleven Industrial Whaling in the North Pacific Ocean 1952–1978 -
Twelve Worldwide Distribution and Abundance of Killer Whales -
Thirteen The Natural History and Ecology of Killer Whales -
Fourteen Killer Whales as Predators of Large Baleen Whales and Sperm Whales -
Fifteen Physiological and Ecological Consequences of Extreme Body Size in Whales -
Sixteen Ecosystem Impact of the Decline of Large Whales in the North Pacific -
Seventeen The Removal of Large Whales from the Southern Ocean -
Eighteen Great Whales as Prey Using Demography and Bioenergetics to Infer Interactions in Marine Mammal Communities -
Nineteen Whales and Whaling in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea Oceanographic Insights and Ecosystem Impacts -
Twenty Legacy of Industrial Whaling -
Twenty-One Predator Diet Breadth and Prey Population Dynamics -
Twenty-Two Bigger is Better -
TWENTY-THREE Gray Whales in the Bering and Chukchi Seas -
Twenty-Four Whales, Whaling, and Ecosystems in the North Atlantic Ocean -
Twenty-Five Sperm Whales in Ocean Ecosystems -
Twe Nty-Six Ecosystem Effects of Fishing and Whaling in the North Pacific and Atlantic Oceans -
Twenty-Seven Potential Influences of Whaling on the Status and Trends of Pinniped Populations -
Twenty-Eight The Dynamic Between Social Systems and Ocean Ecosystems -
Twenty-Nine Whaling, Law, and Culture -
Thirty Whales Are Big and It Matters -
Thirty-One Retrospection and Review - Index
