This chapter conducts comparative biogeographic analyses to examine how much the Middle Awash fauna resembles faunas from other localities of similar age at the genus level. The results indicate that the Middle Awash had close biogeographic relationships with eastern and northern African, Arabian, and western Eurasian localities of similar age. The analysis of Eurasian and African late Miocene localities provides information about the first and last occurrences of the taxa considered, and the geographic areas of these recorded occurrences. It also allows us to consider hypotheses about the timing and direction of paleogeographic connections between western Eurasia and northern and eastern Africa during the late Miocene.