Show Summary Details
- Title Pages
- [UNTITLED]
- Dedication
- [UNTITLED]
- Preface
-
1 Life = Body Plus X -
2 Medicine, or Novelty Appeal -
3 Why Laws of Nature? -
4 Longing for Order -
5 Ethics and Legality -
6 Why Here? Why Now? -
7 Thales' Trite Observation -
8 Polis, Law, and Self-determination -
9 The Individual and the Whole -
10 Nonmedical Healing -
11 Mawangdui: Early Healing in China -
12 Humans Are Biologically Identical across Cultures. So Why Not Medicine? -
13 The Yellow Thearch's Body Image -
14 The Birth of Chinese Medicine -
15 The Division of the Elite -
16 A View to the Visible, and Opinions on the Invisible -
17 State Concept and Body Image -
18 Farewell to Demons and Spirits -
19 New Pathogens, and Morality -
20 Medicine without Pharmaceutics -
21 Pharmaceutics without Medicine -
22 Puzzling Parallels -
23 The Beginning of Medicine in Greece -
24 The End of Monarchy -
25 Troublemakers and Ostracism -
26 I See Something You Don't See -
27 Powers of Self-healing: Self-evident? -
28 Confucians' Fear of Chaos -
29 Medicine: Expression of the General State of Mind -
30 Dynamic Ideas and Faded Model Images -
31 The Hour of the Dissectors -
32 Manifold Experiences of the World -
33 Greek Medicine and Roman Incomprehension -
34 Illness as Stasis -
35 Head and Limbs -
36 The Rediscovery of Wholeness -
37 To Move the Body to a Statement -
38 Galen of Pergamon: Collector in All Worlds -
39 Europe's Ancient Pharmacology -
40 The Wheel of Progress Turns No More -
41 Constancy and Discontinuity of Structures -
42 Arabian Interlude -
43 The Tang Era: Cultural Diversity, Conceptual Vacuum -
44 Changes in the Song Era -
45 The Authority of Distant Antiquity -
46 Zhang Ji's Belated Honors -
47 Chinese Pharmacology -
48 The Diagnosis Game -
49 The Physician as the Pharmacist's Employee -
50 Relighting the Torch of European Antiquity -
51 The Primacy of the Practical -
52 The Variety of Therapeutics -
53 Which Model Image for a New Medicine? -
54 The Real Heritage of Antiquity -
55 Galenism as Trade in Antiques -
56 Integration and Reductionism in the Song Dynasty -
57 The New Freedom to Expand Knowledge -
58 Healing the State, Healing the Organism -
59 Trapped in the Cage of Tradition -
60 Xu Dachun, Giovanni Morgagni, and Intra-abdominal Abscesses -
61 Acupuncturists, Barbers, and Masseurs -
62 No Scientific Revolution in Medicine -
63 The Discovery of New Worlds -
64 Paracelsus: A Tumultuous Mind with an Overview -
65 Durable and Fragile Cage Bars -
66 The Most Beautiful Antiques and the Most Modern Images in One Room -
67 Harvey and the Magna Carta -
68 A Cartesian Case for Circulation -
69 Long Live the Periphery! -
70 Out of the Waiting Shelter, into the Jail Cell -
71 Sensations That Pull into the Lower Parts of the Body -
72 Homeopathy Is Not Medicine -
73 “God with Us” on the Belt Buckle -
74 Medicine Independent of Theology -
75 Virchow: The Man of Death as the Interpreter of Life -
76 Robert Koch: Pure Science? -
77 Wash Your Hands, Keep the Germs Away -
78 AIDS: The Disease That Fits -
79 China in the Nineteenth Century: A New Cage Opens Up -
80 Two Basic Ideas of Medicine -
81 Value-free Biology and Cultural Interpretation -
82 A Transit Visa and a Promise -
83 Scorn, Mockery, and Invectives for Chinese Medicine -
84 Traditional Medicine in the PRC: Faith in Science -
85 The Arabs of the Twentieth Century, or Crowding in the Playpen -
86 When the Light Comes from Behind -
87 In the Beginning Was the Word -
88 Out of Touch with Nature -
89 Theology without Theos -
90 Everything Will Be Fine -
91 Left Alone in the Computer Tomograph -
92 Healing and the Energy Crisis -
93 TCM: Western Fears, Chinese Set Pieces -
94 Harmony, Not War -
95 The Loss of the Center -
96 Contented Customers in a Supermarket of Possibilities -
97 The More Things Change -
98 One World, or Tinkering with Building Blocks -
99 A Vision of Unity over All Diversity - Afterword
- Index
Europe's Ancient Pharmacology
Europe's Ancient Pharmacology
- Chapter:
- 39 Europe's Ancient Pharmacology
- Source:
- What Is Medicine?
- Author(s):
Paul U. Unschuld
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
DOI:10.1525/california/9780520257658.003.0039
This chapter focuses on the interests that had prevented pharmaceutics from being consistently incorporated into the four humors doctrine in Greece and in the Roman era before Galen. Galen expanded medicine with theoretically founded pharmaceutics. He drew on the ideas of the four humors doctrine and developed it into a comprehensive pathology of the humors, the so-called humoral pathology. He drew on the knowledge of the effects of medications and created pharmacology, the scientifically based study of the effects of medicinal substances on the human organism. Galen's task was to unite the four parts of the four elements doctrine with the seventeen different then-known effects of pharmaceutical substances. The result united the plausibility of theory with the reality of the properties of the substances. It is a reality that a pharmaceutical drug can produce a warming or cooling feeling in the body, which can be experienced by several people independently of each other. The ability of a substance to influence digestion, break open an ulcer, or increase urine flow is also a reality.
Keywords: pharmaceutics, four humors doctrine, human organism, Roman era, humoral pathology, pharmacology
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- Title Pages
- [UNTITLED]
- Dedication
- [UNTITLED]
- Preface
-
1 Life = Body Plus X -
2 Medicine, or Novelty Appeal -
3 Why Laws of Nature? -
4 Longing for Order -
5 Ethics and Legality -
6 Why Here? Why Now? -
7 Thales' Trite Observation -
8 Polis, Law, and Self-determination -
9 The Individual and the Whole -
10 Nonmedical Healing -
11 Mawangdui: Early Healing in China -
12 Humans Are Biologically Identical across Cultures. So Why Not Medicine? -
13 The Yellow Thearch's Body Image -
14 The Birth of Chinese Medicine -
15 The Division of the Elite -
16 A View to the Visible, and Opinions on the Invisible -
17 State Concept and Body Image -
18 Farewell to Demons and Spirits -
19 New Pathogens, and Morality -
20 Medicine without Pharmaceutics -
21 Pharmaceutics without Medicine -
22 Puzzling Parallels -
23 The Beginning of Medicine in Greece -
24 The End of Monarchy -
25 Troublemakers and Ostracism -
26 I See Something You Don't See -
27 Powers of Self-healing: Self-evident? -
28 Confucians' Fear of Chaos -
29 Medicine: Expression of the General State of Mind -
30 Dynamic Ideas and Faded Model Images -
31 The Hour of the Dissectors -
32 Manifold Experiences of the World -
33 Greek Medicine and Roman Incomprehension -
34 Illness as Stasis -
35 Head and Limbs -
36 The Rediscovery of Wholeness -
37 To Move the Body to a Statement -
38 Galen of Pergamon: Collector in All Worlds -
39 Europe's Ancient Pharmacology -
40 The Wheel of Progress Turns No More -
41 Constancy and Discontinuity of Structures -
42 Arabian Interlude -
43 The Tang Era: Cultural Diversity, Conceptual Vacuum -
44 Changes in the Song Era -
45 The Authority of Distant Antiquity -
46 Zhang Ji's Belated Honors -
47 Chinese Pharmacology -
48 The Diagnosis Game -
49 The Physician as the Pharmacist's Employee -
50 Relighting the Torch of European Antiquity -
51 The Primacy of the Practical -
52 The Variety of Therapeutics -
53 Which Model Image for a New Medicine? -
54 The Real Heritage of Antiquity -
55 Galenism as Trade in Antiques -
56 Integration and Reductionism in the Song Dynasty -
57 The New Freedom to Expand Knowledge -
58 Healing the State, Healing the Organism -
59 Trapped in the Cage of Tradition -
60 Xu Dachun, Giovanni Morgagni, and Intra-abdominal Abscesses -
61 Acupuncturists, Barbers, and Masseurs -
62 No Scientific Revolution in Medicine -
63 The Discovery of New Worlds -
64 Paracelsus: A Tumultuous Mind with an Overview -
65 Durable and Fragile Cage Bars -
66 The Most Beautiful Antiques and the Most Modern Images in One Room -
67 Harvey and the Magna Carta -
68 A Cartesian Case for Circulation -
69 Long Live the Periphery! -
70 Out of the Waiting Shelter, into the Jail Cell -
71 Sensations That Pull into the Lower Parts of the Body -
72 Homeopathy Is Not Medicine -
73 “God with Us” on the Belt Buckle -
74 Medicine Independent of Theology -
75 Virchow: The Man of Death as the Interpreter of Life -
76 Robert Koch: Pure Science? -
77 Wash Your Hands, Keep the Germs Away -
78 AIDS: The Disease That Fits -
79 China in the Nineteenth Century: A New Cage Opens Up -
80 Two Basic Ideas of Medicine -
81 Value-free Biology and Cultural Interpretation -
82 A Transit Visa and a Promise -
83 Scorn, Mockery, and Invectives for Chinese Medicine -
84 Traditional Medicine in the PRC: Faith in Science -
85 The Arabs of the Twentieth Century, or Crowding in the Playpen -
86 When the Light Comes from Behind -
87 In the Beginning Was the Word -
88 Out of Touch with Nature -
89 Theology without Theos -
90 Everything Will Be Fine -
91 Left Alone in the Computer Tomograph -
92 Healing and the Energy Crisis -
93 TCM: Western Fears, Chinese Set Pieces -
94 Harmony, Not War -
95 The Loss of the Center -
96 Contented Customers in a Supermarket of Possibilities -
97 The More Things Change -
98 One World, or Tinkering with Building Blocks -
99 A Vision of Unity over All Diversity - Afterword
- Index
