Massacre and Restoration
Massacre and Restoration
The period that unfolded from the beginning of 1814 was an extraordinarily difficult one for many people in France. In April, the military failure of Napoleon Bonaparte's regime became evident, and the emperor abdicated, leaving the way open for Britain's restoration of the Bourbon monarchy. The later months of 1814 saw the initial mise en place of the new Restoration regime under Louis XVIII, governed by a relatively hastily assembled charter whose status—whether it was a true constitution or a benevolent dispensation by the monarch—was never fully clear for the next decade and a half. However, the exile of Napoleon to the island of Elba, intended to minimize the divisions in France, left him in a position to exploit the failure of the monarchy to consolidate its support across the country.
Keywords: France, Napoleon Bonaparte, Britain, restoration, Bourbon monarchy, Louis XVIII, exile, Elba
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