Globally, impacts on public health may be one of the most important consequences of climate change. In California, which already has a robust public-health system, these impacts are expected to be less dramatic.Nonetheless, climate change is expected to increase public-health challenges in Californiaand to create new ones. This chapter examines two of the most important challenges—tropospheric ozone control and heat waves—and discusses how mitigation and adaptation efforts related to public health overlap, why managing this overlap requires interagency coordination, and the importance of targeting adaptation efforts.